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Betula nigraCOMMON: River Birch LEAVES: Alternate, simple, 1 1/2 to 3 1/2" long, 3/4 to 2 1/2" wide, double sarration, medium to dark green BARK: Reddish brown, peeling SIZE: 40 to 70' high, 40 to 60' wide HARDINESS: Zone 4 to 9 HABIT: Usually a multistemmed tree GROWTH RATE: Medium to fast FLOWERS: Not significant Fruit: Not significant SOILS: Moist soils best, prefers acid soils, will grow in dry conditions LIGHTING: Sun or light shade USES: Specimen tree, grouping, great bark characteristics MAINTENANCE: None serious, leafspot may be a problem 
Betula nigra 'Heritage'COMMON: Heritage Birch LEAVES: Alternate, simple, 2 to 3 1/2" long, 1 to 2 1/2" wide, double sarration, medium to glossy dark green BARK: Reddish brown, peeling SIZE: 40 to 70' high, 40 to 60' wide HARDINESS: Zone 4 to 9 HABIT: Usually a multistemmed tree GROWTH RATE: Medium to fast FLOWERS: Not significant Fruit: Not significant SOILS: Moist soils best, prefers acid soils, will grow in dry conditions LIGHTING: Sun or light shade USES: Specimen tree, grouping, great bark characteristics MAINTENANCE: None serious, less prone to leaf spot 
Betula papyriferaCOMMON: Paper Birch LEAVES: Alternate, simple, 2 to 4" long, 2/3rds wide, coarse sarration, glossy dark green BARK: White, peeling SIZE: 40 to 70' high, 1/2 to 2/3rds wide HARDINESS: Zone 4 to 6(7) HABIT: Oval to rounded, single or multistemmed tree GROWTH RATE: Medium to fast, 1 1/2 to 2' per year FLOWERS: Not significant Fruit: Not significant SOILS: Prefers well-drained, acid, moist, sandy or silt soils, adaptable LIGHTING: Full sun USES: Specimen tree, grouping, great bark characteristics MAINTENANCE: Better in colder climates, More resistant to bronze birch borer than Betula pendula 
Betula pendulaCOMMON: European Birch LEAVES: Alternate, simple, 1 to 3" long, 3/4 to 1 1/2" wide, double sarration, glossy dark green BARK: Reddish brown, does not peel as much as Paper Birch SIZE: 40 to 50' high, 20 to 35' wide HARDINESS: Zone 2 to 6(7) HABIT: Oval/pyramidal, pendulas branches GROWTH RATE: Medium to fast, 18 to 24" per year FLOWERS: Not significant Fruit: Not significant SOILS: Best in moist, well-drained soils, will tolerate wet or dry soils, greater pH tolerance than Betula nigra LIGHTING: Full Sun USES: Specimen tree, grouping, great bark characteristics MAINTENANCE: Leaf miner and bronze birch borer, can be a major problem 
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